Grammar in Use Basic Unit 36 There was / were There has been / have been There will be

There was / were

There has been / have been

There will be

(존재 표현의 시제 정리)

영어에서 there is / there are는
👉 “무엇이 있다 / 존재한다” 를 말할 때 쓰는 표현이야.
이 표현은 시제에 따라 형태가 바뀐다.

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1️⃣ 현재: There is / There are (기본)

형태사용

There is + 단수 / 셀 수 없는 명사	하나 또는 불가산
There are + 복수 명사	여러 개

예문

• There is a café near my house.
• There are many students in the classroom.

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2️⃣ 과거: There was / There were

👉 과거에 존재했음을 말할 때

형태사용

There was + 단수 / 불가산	과거의 하나
There were + 복수	과거의 여러 개

예문

• There was a small park here last year.
• There were many people at the concert.

📌 핵심 포인트

• is → was
• are → were

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3️⃣ 현재완료: There has been / There have been

👉 과거부터 지금까지의 존재 경험 / 변화를 말할 때
👉 “~가 있어 왔다 / 있었다” 느낌

형태사용

There has been + 단수 / 불가산	하나의 변화
There have been + 복수	여러 번 / 여러 개

예문

• There has been a problem with the system.
• There have been many changes this year.

📌 이런 말과 자주 함께 사용됨

• recently, lately
• over the past few years
• this year

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4️⃣ 미래: There will be

👉 미래에 존재할 것을 말할 때
👉 단수·복수 상관없이 will be 하나로 통일

형태사용

There will be + 명사

미래의 존재

예문

• There will be a meeting tomorrow.
• There will be many opportunities in the future.

📌 중요

• ❌ There will be is/are (X)
• ⭕ There will be (O)

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5️⃣ 시제 한눈에 정리 표

시제단수 / 불가산복수

현재	there is	there are
과거	there was	there were
현재완료	there has been	there have been
미래	-	there will be

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6️⃣ 자주 틀리는 포인트 ⚠️

❌ There has been many problems.
⭕ There have been many problems.

❌ There were a lot of traffic.
⭕ There was a lot of traffic.
(traffic = 셀 수 없음)

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7️⃣ 정리 요약 ✍️

• there is / are → 지금 존재
• there was / were → 과거에 존재
• there has / have been → 과거부터 지금까지의 변화
• there will be → 미래에 존재